Na verdade, as parábolas têm muito em comum com as fábulas. Estas, no entanto, são narrativas em que as personagens são animais, mas que buscam despertar nos homens reflexões acerca da vida e das relações humanas. Nas parábolas, nas fábulas e nos contos encontramos certos elementos de forma recorrente. São eles: personagens, tempo, espaço, foco narrativo, enredo e conflito. A análise de cada um desses elementos e da relação existente entre eles pode nos aproximar do tema e da intencionalidade do texto.
Selecionamos alguns aspectos de uma parábola para ajudar você a ler com mais rigor e a perceber como a intenção do texto toma formas concretas.
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The man who could turn back the clock This is a parable with two different endings. Readers can choose the ending they like best. Once upon a time there was a man who had the power to turn back the clock. Whenever he regretted something he had done or said, he could repeat the event in the light of the experience. Now one day it happened that this man was out for a walk when it started to rain, so he took shelter in a barn. After a few minutes the man was joined by a very beautiful young lady and her dog, who were also seeking shelter. The downpour lasted about an hour. The man went home to his wife and told her why he was late. Immediately his wife was suspicious of her husband’s behaviour with the young lady. She questioned him about what had happened. The man replied in a surprise and hurt voice: “Why, nothing happened. I was a perfect gentleman. What do you expect? Especially when she had a large dog with her.” His wife was furious: “What?? Only the dog stopped you?” The man realized his mistake and immediately he turned the clock back a few minutes and tried the conversation again. This time when his wife expressed her suspicion, he said “It’s true the girl was very beautiful and she seemed to like me but my deep love for you gave me the strength to resist temptation.” However, his
wife was even more furious: “What?? You wanted to kiss her? An immoral
thought is as bad as an immoral deed.” |
Now read the two different endings given to the story.
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The
end 1
The man spent a long time thinking. There must be some way to please his wife? Finally he turned the clock back again a few minutes. Once more his wife asked how he had behaved with the beautiful young lady. But this time he replied: “What? She wasn’t beautiful, she was ugly? I am a man with good taste, which is why I married you, my darling?” When she heard this,
his wife, who in fact was rather unattractive, flung her arms around his
neck and cried, “I love you!” |
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The
end 2
The man felt that his wonderful power had not helped him at all. Except to teach him that it was impossible to please his wife, and he had suspected this for a long time. Therefore he turned back the clock once more, not just for a few minutes, but a few hours. He went back to the beautiful young lady in the barn, in the rain. Adapted
from a story by Ralph Milne Farley. |
O conflito é desencadeado quando o homem, ao chegar em casa, conta a sua mulher o motivo do seu atraso. Não tendo escondido que se abrigou num celeiro, ao lado de uma linda jovem, o homem dá margem a sua esposa imaginar que foi traída. Quanto mais o homem usa de seu poder para voltar no tempo e tenta justificar seu atraso, mais elementos sua mulher tem para alimentar sua fantasia.
Veja como a descrição do ambiente favorece o clima de tensão. Chove e, em seguida, cai uma tempestade que dura aproximadamente uma hora. O homem e a jovem se refugiam num celeiro, um lugar bastante convidativo para uma traição.
A adjetivação de um texto também pode ser vista a partir dos predicados. Observe como conhecemos a melhor a personagem quando o narrador descreve suas reações: "His wife was furious". E mais adiante, "his wife was even more furious".
Seu conhecimento da língua inglesa pode tomar grande impulso se você se dedicar à leitura de textos literários. Além de sua beleza estética, esses textos nos aproximam da cultura de um povo, dos sentidos atribuídos às palavras, aos homens, ao mundo e as coisas do mundo por aqueles que falam o inglês como primeira língua.
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