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Conto maravilhoso (2)

Recursos lingüísticos da versão analisada

Celina Bruniera*
Especial para a Página 3 Pedagogia & Comunicação
Destacamos anteriormente que os contos maravilhosos são histórias que em sua origem eram narrativas orais e que permenacem ao longo do tempo sendo contadas e recontadas, sobretudo devido a sua estrutura simples. É a permanência de unidades estruturais que garante a uniformidade específica desses contos.

No entanto, uma história contada numa determinada época traz elementos que são próprios daquela época, tanto do ponto de vista temático, como do uso que se fazia do gênero textual em questão e, ainda, em relação ao uso que se fazia da língua em que a história é narrada.

A proposta nesta oportunidade é analisarmos alguns elementos do uso que se faz da língua inglesa, num texto literário, que data de 1823. Trata-se da mesma versão de "O Chapeuzinho Vermelho" que já abordamos e que reproduzimos novamente aqui.

Once upon a time there lived in a certain village a little girl, the prettiest creature that ever was seen; she was loved and admired by all, not one in the village could compare with her. Her mother was fond of her to a great degree, and her grandmother much more so; and well they might, she was so good-natured, so sweet of temper, and so ready to oblige; and, besides, never missed her prayers twice or thrice a day for her mother, and all her relations, and every body else she could think of. It being cold weather, her grandmother had a little red riding-hood made for her to keep her warm and she looked so very pretty and pleasant when she had it on, that by every body she soon gained the name of Little Red-Riding-Hood.

Her mother came one day, knowing that her grandmother was ill; and having made some custard and cheesecakes, calling her and said, 'My little Biddy, go and see your grandmother, and take also with you some custards and cheesecakes, and this pot of butter. The little red riding-hood was soon put on, and out she sets to see her grandmother, who, you must observe, lived at another village through a wood.

When she came to the farther end of the wood, she was met by Gossip Wolf, who, being a cruel creature, had a mind to eat her up; but, as some faggot-men were at work in the forest, he did not dare to do it; so, by his deceitful speeches, he tried another way to destroy her; and, like a treacherous knave, asked where she was going so early.

The pretty little child said, 'I am going to my grandmother, who is not well, with a custard and a little pot of butter which my mother sent her.' At which the cunning wolf asks, if she lived far off. 'A great way off, below yonder mill,' said she, pointing with her little child's finger, 'in the distance you see yonder.' 'Very well, 'said the designing wolf, 'I will go see her too; but I will go the other way, do you go that: I will be there as soon as you.' So the little girl went through the meadows, gathering cowslips and violets to make her grandmother’s windows sweet and fine; for it was in the month of May, when those flowers were in their prime.

The Wolf, he knew the nearest way, and went much faster than the child, was not long before he got to the grandmother's house.

When he knocked at the door, Toc, toc, toc! 'Who is there?' quote the good old woman. 'Your granddaughter Biddy,' said the wolf (imitating the child's voice). 'I have brought you some custard, and a little pot of butter, which mother had sent you.' The grandmother, who was ill and in bed, bid him pull the latch, and the door would open; so the wolf pulled the latch, went into the room, and with his great teeth and ravenous appetite so eat the poor old woman entirely up. After he had eaten up the grandmother, he, like a cunning villain, thought how he might deceive Little Red Riding-Hood, and devour her also. So he shuts to the door very close again, and rolls himself into the grandmother's bed, because he was sure Little Red Riding-Hood would soon be there. A little while after she came, and knocked at the door, Toc, toc, toc! 'Who is there?' quote the treacherous wolf.
The little harmless Red Riding-Hood, hearing so gruff a voice (though he had dissembled as much as he could), was afraid at first; however, not knowing but her grandmother might have taken a great cold, and so be very hoarse, she said, 'It is your granddaughter Biddy, and I have brought you some custard and a little pot of butter, my mammy sent me with you.

The wolf answers her in as soft a voice as he could, 'Lift up the latch, and the door will open; which she did, and coming to the bedside, the perfidious wolf, hiding his ugly head under the clothes, and speaking in a faint tone, said, 'Put the custard and butter on the stool, and come into bed, for I am very cold.' The good-nature and kind temper of little Red Riding-Hood made it not long before she obeyed the commands of her grandmother, undressed herself, and went into bed; but was sadly affrighted at her grandmother's long ears, which stared over her night-cap. So said the child to her (feeling her arms) Bless me! Grandma, what great arms you have got!' 'They are the better to embrace thee my pretty child.' 'Grandma, what long and great ears you have got!' 'They are the better to hear, my child.' 'Grandma, what great eyes and long teeth you have got!' 'They are the better to see you, and to eat you up.’

And as soon as he had said these words, this wicked wolf flew upon poor little Red Riding-Hood, and eat her up.

Marshall's Edtion, London, John Marshall, 1823

Inversões
Já de início, nota-se a inversão dos elementos da frase na primeira linha, ou seja, o sujeito a little girl vem depois do verbo lived. Note: "Once upon a time there lived in a certain village a little girl, the prettiest creature that ever was seen". Outro exemplo de inversão, mas agora do objeto em relação aos outros elementos da frase, podemos observar em "by every body she soon gained the name of Little Red-Riding Hood", em vez de "she soon gained the name of Little Red-Riding Hood by everybody".

Um outro elemento que nos chama a atenção com relação ao uso da língua inglesa é a presença de thrice, no primeiro parágrafo, em vez de three times como é mais recorrente nos dias de hoje. Há também a presença, no penúltimo parágrafo, de thee, forma que foi substituída por you.

Abuso do gerúndio
Verifica-se, ainda, o uso abusivo que se fazia do gerúndio e que hoje, procuramos evitar. Observe alguns períodos do segundo parágrafo: "knowing that her grandmother was ill; and having made some custard and cheesecakes, calling her and said." Note que o mesmo pode ser visto ao longo de todo o texto como, por exemplo, em: "being a cruel creature", "hearing so guff a voice" e, ainda, em "and coming to the bedside, the perfidious wolf, hiding his ugly head under the clothes, and speaking in a faint tone".

Usos diferentes que se faz de uma língua em épocas diversas é denominado de variação histórica. São variantes que dificilmente coexistem e que são mais percebidas na língua escrita por conta da existência de um maior número de registros até então. Agora, com o aumento dos registro da comunicação oral, em breve teremos muito material da língua oral em que proceder essa mesma análise.

* Celina Bruniera é mestre em Sociologia da Educação pela USP e assessora educacional para a área de linguagem.
»Conto maravilhoso (1)
Os textos publicados antes de 1º de janeiro de 2009 não seguem o novo Acordo Ortográfico da Língua Portuguesa. A grafia vigente até então e a da reforma ortográfica serão aceitas até 2012
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